python 重命名轴索引的方法

import numpy as np
from pandas import Series, Data 
###重命名轴索引
data = Data (np.arange(12).reshape((3, 4)),
     index=[\'Ohio\', \'Colorado\', \'New York\'],
     columns=[\'one\', \'two\', \'three\', \'four\'])
 
print( data.index.map(str.upper) ) #[\'OHIO\' \'COLORADO\' \'NEW YORK\']
 
data.index = data.index.map(str.upper)
print( data )
\'\'\'
   one two three four
OHIO  0 1  2  3
COLORADO 4 5  6  7
NEW YORK 8 9  10 11
\'\'\'
 
data_2 = data.rename(index=str. , columns=str.upper)
print( data_2 )
\'\'\'
   ONE TWO THREE FOUR
Ohio  0 1  2  3
Colorado 4 5  6  7
New York 8 9  10 11
\'\'\'
data_3 = data.rename(index={\'OHIO\': \'INDIANA\'},
   columns={\'three\': \'peekaboo\'})
print( data_3 )
\'\'\'
   one two peekaboo four
INDIANA  0 1   2  3
COLORADO 4 5   6  7
NEW YORK 8 9  10 11
\'\'\'
 
# 总是返回Data 的引用
_ = data.rename(index={\'OHIO\': \'INDIANA\'}, inplace=True)
print( _ ) # None