本文实例为大家分享了python实现三次样条插值的具体代码,供大家参考,具体内容如下

函数:

\"\"

算法分析

三次样条插值。就是在分段插值的一种情况。

要求:

  • 在每个分段区间上是三次多项式(这就是三次样条中的三次的来源)
  • 在整个区间(开区间)上二阶导数连续(当然啦,这里主要是强调在节点上的连续)
  • 加上边界条件。边界条件只需要给出两个方程。构建一个方程组,就可以解出所有的参数。

这里话,根据第一类样条作为边界。(就是知道两端节点的导数数值,然后来做三次样条插值)

但是这里也分为两种情况,分别是这个数值是随便给的一个数,还是说根据函数的在对应点上数值给出。

情况一:两边导数数值给出

这里假设数值均为1。即 f′(x0)=f′(xn)=f′(xn)=1的情况。

情况一图像

\"\"

情况一代码

import numpy as np
from sympy import *
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


def f(x):
  return 1 / (1 + x ** 2)


def cal(begin, end, i):
  by = f(begin)
  ey = f(end)
  I = Ms[i] * ((end - n) ** 3) / 6 + Ms[i + 1] * ((n - begin) ** 3) / 6 + (by - Ms[i] / 6) * (end - n) + (
      ey - Ms[i + 1] / 6) * (n - begin)
  return I


def ff(x): # f[x0, x1, ..., xk]
  ans = 0
  for i in range(len(x)):
    temp = 1
    for j in range(len(x)):
      if i != j:
        temp *= (x[i] - x[j])
    ans += f(x[i]) / temp
  return ans


def calM():
  lam = [1] + [1 / 2] * 9
  miu = [1 / 2] * 9 + [1]
  # Y = 1 / (1 + n ** 2)
  # df = diff(Y, n)
  x = np.array(range(11)) - 5
  # ds = [6 * (ff(x[0:2]) - df.subs(n, x[0]))]
  ds = [6 * (ff(x[0:2]) - 1)]
  for i in range(9):
    ds.append(6 * ff(x[i: i + 3]))
  # ds.append(6 * (df.subs(n, x[10]) - ff(x[-2:])))
  ds.append(6 * (1 - ff(x[-2:])))
  Mat = np.eye(11, 11) * 2
  for i in range(11):
    if i == 0:
      Mat[i][1] = lam[i]
    elif i == 10:
      Mat[i][9] = miu[i - 1]
    else:
      Mat[i][i - 1] = miu[i - 1]
      Mat[i][i + 1] = lam[i]
  ds = np.mat(ds)
  Mat = np.mat(Mat)
  Ms = ds * Mat.I
  return Ms.tolist()[0]


def calnf(x):
  nf = []
  for i in range(len(x) - 1):
    nf.append(cal(x[i], x[i + 1], i))
  return nf


def calf(f, x):
  y = []
  for i in x:
    y.append(f.subs(n, i))
  return y


def nfSub(x, nf):
  tempx = np.array(range(11)) - 5
  dx = []
  for i in range(10):
    labelx = []
    for j in range(len(x)):
      if x[j] >= tempx[i] and x[j] < tempx[i + 1]:
        labelx.append(x[j])
      elif i == 9 and x[j] >= tempx[i] and x[j] <= tempx[i + 1]:
        labelx.append(x[j])
    dx = dx + calf(nf[i], labelx)
  return np.array(dx)


def draw(nf):
  plt.rcParams[\'font.sans-serif\'] = [\'SimHei\']
  plt.rcParams[\'axes.unicode_minus\'] = False
  x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 101)
  y = f(x)
  Ly = nfSub(x, nf)
  plt.plot(x, y, label=\'原函数\')
  plt.plot(x, Ly, label=\'三次样条插值函数\')
  plt.xlabel(\'x\')
  plt.ylabel(\'y\')
  plt.legend()

  plt.savefig(\'1.png\')
  plt.show()


def lossCal(nf):
  x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 101)
  y = f(x)
  Ly = nfSub(x, nf)
  Ly = np.array(Ly)
  temp = Ly - y
  temp = abs(temp)
  print(temp.mean())


if __name__ == \'__main__\':
  x = np.array(range(11)) - 5
  y = f(x)

  n, m = symbols(\'n m\')
  init_printing(use_unicode=True)
  Ms = calM()
  nf = calnf(x)
  draw(nf)
  lossCal(nf)

情况二:两边导数数值由函数本身算出

这里假设数值均为1。即 f′(xi)=S′(xi)(i=0,n)f′(xi)=S′(xi)(i=0,n)的情况。

情况二图像

\"\"

情况二代码

import numpy as np
from sympy import *
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


def f(x):
  return 1 / (1 + x ** 2)


def cal(begin, end, i):
  by = f(begin)
  ey = f(end)
  I = Ms[i] * ((end - n) ** 3) / 6 + Ms[i + 1] * ((n - begin) ** 3) / 6 + (by - Ms[i] / 6) * (end - n) + (
      ey - Ms[i + 1] / 6) * (n - begin)
  return I


def ff(x): # f[x0, x1, ..., xk]
  ans = 0
  for i in range(len(x)):
    temp = 1
    for j in range(len(x)):
      if i != j:
        temp *= (x[i] - x[j])
    ans += f(x[i]) / temp
  return ans


def calM():
  lam = [1] + [1 / 2] * 9
  miu = [1 / 2] * 9 + [1]
  Y = 1 / (1 + n ** 2)
  df = diff(Y, n)
  x = np.array(range(11)) - 5
  ds = [6 * (ff(x[0:2]) - df.subs(n, x[0]))]
  # ds = [6 * (ff(x[0:2]) - 1)]
  for i in range(9):
    ds.append(6 * ff(x[i: i + 3]))
  ds.append(6 * (df.subs(n, x[10]) - ff(x[-2:])))
  # ds.append(6 * (1 - ff(x[-2:])))
  Mat = np.eye(11, 11) * 2
  for i in range(11):
    if i == 0:
      Mat[i][1] = lam[i]
    elif i == 10:
      Mat[i][9] = miu[i - 1]
    else:
      Mat[i][i - 1] = miu[i - 1]
      Mat[i][i + 1] = lam[i]
  ds = np.mat(ds)
  Mat = np.mat(Mat)
  Ms = ds * Mat.I
  return Ms.tolist()[0]


def calnf(x):
  nf = []
  for i in range(len(x) - 1):
    nf.append(cal(x[i], x[i + 1], i))
  return nf


def calf(f, x):
  y = []
  for i in x:
    y.append(f.subs(n, i))
  return y


def nfSub(x, nf):
  tempx = np.array(range(11)) - 5
  dx = []
  for i in range(10):
    labelx = []
    for j in range(len(x)):
      if x[j] >= tempx[i] and x[j] < tempx[i + 1]:
        labelx.append(x[j])
      elif i == 9 and x[j] >= tempx[i] and x[j] <= tempx[i + 1]:
        labelx.append(x[j])
    dx = dx + calf(nf[i], labelx)
  return np.array(dx)


def draw(nf):
  plt.rcParams[\'font.sans-serif\'] = [\'SimHei\']
  plt.rcParams[\'axes.unicode_minus\'] = False
  x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 101)
  y = f(x)
  Ly = nfSub(x, nf)
  plt.plot(x, y, label=\'原函数\')
  plt.plot(x, Ly, label=\'三次样条插值函数\')
  plt.xlabel(\'x\')
  plt.ylabel(\'y\')
  plt.legend()

  plt.savefig(\'1.png\')
  plt.show()


def lossCal(nf):
  x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 101)
  y = f(x)
  Ly = nfSub(x, nf)
  Ly = np.array(Ly)
  temp = Ly - y
  temp = abs(temp)
  print(temp.mean())


if __name__ == \'__main__\':
  x = np.array(range(11)) - 5
  y = f(x)

  n, m = symbols(\'n m\')
  init_printing(use_unicode=True)
  Ms = calM()
  nf = calnf(x)
  draw(nf)
  lossCal(nf)

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。

收藏 打印