python安装django方法及报错解决

首先可以去django官网查一下合适的版本（支持python 2.7 和python3.x）

https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/faq/install/#what-python-version-can-i-use-with-django

安装方法参考官网，Option 2中 development version是非稳定版本，可以下载tar.gz包安装

https://www.djangoproject.com/download/

Python环境（3.7.1）

方法一：使用pip安装（\"==\" 后写django版本号）

pip install Django==2.1.4

安装成功后可以使用命令 python -m django --version 查看版本，也可以进入python交互环境执行 import django确认无报错。

Python 3.7.1 (default, Dec 15 2018, 19:57:31)
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux
Type \"help\", \"copyright\", \"credits\" or \"license\" for more information.
>>>
>>> import django
>>>

方法二：使用源码安装

首先，把官网下载的tar.gz上传至服务器并解压缩

# tar -xzvf Django-2.1.4.tar.gz

然后进入Django解压后的路径，里面有setup.py，执行python setup.py install

# ls
Django-2.1.4  Django-2.1.4.tar.gz
# cd Django-2.1.4
# python setup.py install

如果顺利的话，安装完成。但是，遇到了两个问题

问题1：

[root@xxx Django-2.1.4]# python setup.py install
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File \"setup.py\", line 32, in <module>
    \"\"\".format(*(REQUIRED_PYTHON + CURRENT_PYTHON)))
ValueError: zero length field name in format
[root@xoam Django-2.1.4]# python setup.py help
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File \"setup.py\", line 32, in <module>
    \"\"\".format(*(REQUIRED_PYTHON + CURRENT_PYTHON)))
ValueError: zero length field name in format

原因：上网查了一下有博主进一步分析得出是python版本的问题。检查了一下自己的环境除了python3.7还妆了python2.6，而python2.6是不支持django的。

解决：执行python命令带上python3全路径，例如

[root@xxx Django-2.1.4]# /opt/python3/Python-3.7.1/python setup.py install

或者使用python3（没有试，应该可以）

[root@xxx Django-2.1.4]# python3 setup.py install

以上报错解决后，安装过程遇到了第二个报错

问题2：

...
Installed /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Django-2.1.4-py3.7.egg
Processing dependencies for Django==2.1.4
Searching for pytz
Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/pytz/
Download error on https://pypi.python.org/simple/pytz/: unknown url type: https -- Some packages may not be found!
Couldn\'t find index page for \'pytz\' (maybe misspelled?)
Scanning index of all packages (this may take a while)
Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/
Download error on https://pypi.python.org/simple/: unknown url type: https -- Some packages may not be found!
No local packages or working download  s found for pytz
error: Could not find suitable distribution for Requirement.parse(\'pytz\')

于是去python官网下载pytz安装（同样解压后去pytz路径执行python setup.py install）

https://pypi.org/project/pytz/#files

再去安装Django，成功~

...
Installed /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Django-2.1.4-py3.7.egg
Processing dependencies for Django==2.1.4
Searching for pytz==2018.7
Best match: pytz 2018.7
Processing pytz-2018.7-py3.7.egg
pytz 2018.7 is already the active version in easy-install.pth

Using /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pytz-2018.7-py3.7.egg
Finished processing dependencies for Django==2.1.4
[root@xxx Django-2.1.4]# /opt/python3/Python-3.7.1/python -m django --version
2.1.4